Comparison of the predictive value of Padua and the IMPEDE assessment scores for venous thromboembolism in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: A single institution experience / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To compare the predictive efficacy of the two thrombosis risk assessment scores (Padua and IMPEDE scores) in venous thromboembolism (VTE) within 6 months in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) in China. Methods: This study reviewed the clinical data of 421 patients with NDMM hospitalized in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from April 2014 to February 2022. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and Youden index of the two scores were calculated to quantify the thrombus risk assessment of VTE by the Padua and IMPEDE scores. The receiver operating characteristics curves of the two evaluation scores were drawn. Results: The incidence of VTE was 14.73%. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and Youden index of the Padua score were 100%, 0%, 14.7%, and 0% and that of the IMPEDE score was 79%, 44%, 49.2%, and 23%, respectively. The areas under the curve of Padua and IMPEDE risk assessment scores were 0.591 and 0.722, respectively. Conclusion: IMPEDE score is suitable for predicting VTE within 6 months in patients with NDMM.

A descriptive analysis on hypertension in adult twins in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To describe the distribution characteristics of hypertension among adult twins in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) and to provide clues for exploring the role of genetic and environmental factors on hypertension. Methods: A total of 69 220 (34 610 pairs) of twins aged 18 and above with hypertension information were selected from CNTR registered from 2010 to 2018. Random effect models were used to describe the population and regional distribution of hypertension in twins. To estimate the heritability, the concordance rates of hypertension were calculated and compared between monozygotic twins (MZ) and dizygotic twins (DZ). Results: The age of all participants was (34.1±12.4) years. The overall self-reported prevalence of hypertension was 3.8%(2 610/69 220). Twin pairs who were older, living in urban areas, married, overweight or obese, current smokers or ex-smokers, and current drinkers or abstainers had a higher self-reported prevalence of hypertension (P<0.05). Analysis within the same-sex twin pairs found that the concordance rate of hypertension was 43.2% in MZ and 27.0% in DZ, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The heritability of hypertension was 22.1% (95%CI: 16.3%- 28.0%). Stratified by gender, age, and region, the concordance rate of hypertension in MZ was still higher than that in DZ. The heritability of hypertension was higher in female participants. Conclusions: There were differences in the distribution of hypertension among twins with different demographic and regional characteristics. It is indicated that genetic factors play a crucial role in hypertension in different genders, ages, and regions, while the magnitude of genetic effects may vary.

The Association between Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke and Disease in the Chinese Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the association between exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) and 23 diseases, categorized into four classifications, among the Chinese population.@*METHODS@#We searched the literature up to June 30, 2021, and eligible studies were identified according to the PECOS format: Participants and Competitors (Chinese population), Exposure (SHS), Outcomes (Disease or Death), and Study design (Case-control or Cohort).@*RESULTS@#In total, 53 studies were selected. The odds ratio (OR) for all types of cancer was 1.79 (1.56-2.05), and for individual cancers was 1.92 (1.42-2.59) for lung cancer, 1.57 (1.40-1.76) for breast cancer, 1.52 (1.12-2.05) for bladder cancer, and 1.37 (1.08-1.73) for liver cancer. The OR for circulatory system diseases was 1.92 (1.29-2.85), with a value of 2.29 (1.26-4.159) for stroke. The OR of respiratory system diseases was 1.76 (1.13-2.74), with a value of 1.82 (1.07-3.11) for childhood asthma. The original ORs were also shown for other diseases. Subgroup analyses were performed for lung and breast cancer. The ORs varied according to time period and were significant during exposure in the household; For lung cancer, the OR was significant in women.@*CONCLUSION@#The effect of SHS exposure in China was similar to that in Western countries, but its definition and characterization require further clarification. Studies on the association between SHS exposure and certain diseases with high incidence rates are insufficient.

Impacts of androgen deprivation therapy on the risks and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with prostate cancer / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Studies have investigated the effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) use on the incidence and clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, the results have been inconsistent. We searched the PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from inception to March 2022; 13 studies covering 84 003 prostate cancer (PCa) patients with or without ADT met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. We calculated the pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to explore the association between ADT use and the infection risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and severity of COVID-19. After synthesizing the evidence, the pooled RR in the SARS-CoV-2 positive group was equal to 1.17, and the SARS-CoV-2 positive risk in PCa patients using ADT was not significantly different from that in those not using ADT (P = 0.544). Moreover, no significant results concerning the beneficial effect of ADT on the rate of intensive care unit admission (RR = 1.04, P = 0.872) or death risk (RR = 1.23, P = 0.53) were found. However, PCa patients with a history of ADT use had a markedly higher COVID-19 hospitalization rate (RR = 1.31, P = 0.015) than those with no history of ADT use. These findings indicate that ADT use by PCa patients is associated with a high risk of hospitalization during infection with SARS-CoV-2. A large number of high quality studies are needed to confirm these results.

Single-copy Loss of Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 10 ( arhgef10) Causes Locomotor Abnormalities in Zebrafish Larvae / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To determine if ARHGEF10 has a haploinsufficient effect and provide evidence to evaluate the severity, if any, during prenatal consultation.@*METHODS@#Zebrafish was used as a model for generating mutant. The pattern of arhgef10 expression in the early stages of zebrafish development was observed using whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH). CRISPR/Cas9 was applied to generate a zebrafish model with a single-copy or homozygous arhgef10 deletion. Activity and light/dark tests were performed in arhgef10 -/-, arhgef10 +/-, and wild-type zebrafish larvae. ARHGEF10 was knocked down using small interferon RNA (siRNA) in the SH-SY5Y cell line, and cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined using the CCK-8 assay and Annexin V/PI staining, respectively.@*RESULTS@#WISH showed that during zebrafish embryonic development arhgef10 was expressed in the midbrain and hindbrain at 36-72 h post-fertilization (hpf) and in the hemopoietic system at 36-48 hpf. The zebrafish larvae with single-copy and homozygous arhgef10 deletions had lower exercise capacity and poorer responses to environmental changes compared to wild-type zebrafish larvae. Moreover, arhgef10 -/- zebrafish had more severe symptoms than arhgef10 +/- zebrafish. Knockdown of ARHGEF10 in human neuroblastoma cells led to decreased cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis.@*CONCLUSION@#Based on our findings, ARHGEF10 appeared to have a haploinsufficiency effect.

The Significance of CD319 and CD269 in the Detection of Immunophenotyping and Minimal Residual Disease in Multiple Myeloma Patients / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expression of CD319 and CD269 in plasma cells of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and the feasibility of using CD319 instead of CD38 as a gating antigen in immunophenotyping and minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring.@*METHODS@#The expression levels of CD319 and CD269 antigens in clonal bone marrow plasma cells of 387 patients were detected by CD38/CD138 gating strategy with 8-color flow cytometry, and the stability of antigens was also analyzed, and the sensitivity and correlation of two different gating strategies employing CD319/CD138 and CD38/CD138 were compared as well. The control group consisted of 53 cases with non-malignant blood disease matched by age and sex.@*RESULTS@#Monoclonal plasma cells were detected in 303 of 387 MM patients, among which 277 cases (91.42%) were positive for CD269, and all cases were positive for CD319 (100%). In newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) and recurrent refractory MM (RRMM) patients, the expression levels of CD269 were 97.53% (0-99.92%) and 94.96% (0.22%-99.99%), respectively, while levels of CD319 were 99.90% (87.77%-100%) and 99.78% (63.12%-100%), respectively. The expression levels of CD269 and CD319 in the control group were 97.00% (77.00%-100%) and 100% (89.00%-100%), respectively. There were no significant differences in the expression levels of CD269 and CD319 among NDMM, RRMM and the control group. Patients acquiring therapeutic effects were divided into complete remission (CR) group, very good partial response (VGPR) group and partial response (PR) group. Gating with CD38/CD138, median MRD values were 0.76% (0-1.88%), 0.77% (0-4.96%) and 1.75% (0.09%-10.90%) in the three groups, respectively, while gating with CD319/CD138, median MRD values were 0.57% (0.18%-1.96%), 1.07% (0.12%-4.85%) and 1.77% (0.08%-8.22%), respectively. There was no significant difference in MRD level by the two gating strategies, but a good correlation between the two (r=0.808, P<0.05). In addition, in 4 patients treated by CD38 monoclonal antibody (DARA), the expression level of CD38 was observed to be down-regulated or even negative after treatment. When the MRD level was very low, CD38/CD138 gating resulted in false MRD@*CONCLUSION@#CD319 and CD269 express stably and continuously in plasma cells of MM patients at different disease stages. CD319 can be used as an alternative of CD38 for immunophenotyping and MRD detection, especially for MRD detection after DARA treatment, while CD269 is suitable for detection before BCMA-CAR-T treatment.

effects of deferoxamine on inhibition for microglia activation and protection of secondary nerve injury after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats

To investigate the effects of the iron chelatordeferoxamine [DFA] on inhibition formicroglia activation and protection of secondary nerve injury after intracerebral hemorrhage [ICH] in rats. The rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, ICH group and DFA treatment group. The collagenase was used to prepare ICH model of basal gangliain rats and Ih after the beginning of the operation, the intraperitoneal injection with DFA was arranged every 12 h and for a total of 7d. The changes of Iron ion concentration were measured at perihematomaat different time points after the medicine was given. OX42 immunohistochemical staining observed microglia change at perihematoma. ELISA method determined the changes of IL-13 and TNF-a content of brain tissue. Neurological deficit scores and Nissl staining were used to observe the situation of neurological function and neuronal loss of rats after DFA treatment. 1 d After the start of ICH, the concentration of iron in perihematoma was significantly higher than that of animalsin sham-operated group and could sustain for28 d. At the same time, the quantities of local microglial cells were significantly increased. After applying DFA, the concentration of iron ions in the brain tissue around the hematoma was significantly reduced, so did the number of microglial cells and activation of neurotoxic cytokines [IL-10 and TNF-a content] secreted by microglial cells was significantly reduced. At the same time, the loss of neurons in the tissue around of the hematoma was significantly reduced and neurological deficit scores were significantly reduced, iron ions which were sustainedly released by hematoma after ICH can activate the local microglia and cause secondary brain injury. DFA curb excessive activation of microglia and reduce neuronal death of ICH by means of clearinf away iron ions of brain tissue surrounding the hematoma, thus improve secondary neurological dysfunction

Influence of eye healthcare information teaching for the visual development of children under “combination of medicine and education” / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Abstract?AIM:To study the Influence and outcomes of eye healthcare information teaching for the visual development of children under“combination of medicine and education” in kindergartens.?METHODS:The children(5-6 years old) were randomly selected from 6 kindergartens in Nanjing, 3 in Yuhua District as the experimental group, and the other 3 in Jianye District as the control group.A one-year follow-up was conducted to evaluate the difference of visual development, including the rate of low vision, rate of referral caused by refractive abnormality, rate of astigmatism, the average of the equivalent spherical lens and the rate of lacking physiological hypermetropia, between the experimental group and the control group children.?RESULTS:One school year later,the rate of low vision, rate of referral caused by refractive abnormality and the rate of astigmatism, were significantly lower (P<0.05)in the experimental group under the mode of“combination of medicine and education”, which were also lower than those before experiment(P<0.05).The average of the equivalent spherical lens of experimental group increased and the rate of lacking physiological hypermetropia decreased significantly, compared with the control group ( P <0.05 ) and with those before experiment(P<0.05).?CONCLUSION:Using “combination of medicine and education” eye health care model,is good for children's visual development,so as to reduce the rate of low vision and delay the occurrence of myopia.

Optimal conditions of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on paraquat-induced acute lung injury in rats / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation on acute lung injury induced by paraquat (PQ) poisoning in rats, and to identify the optimal transplantation conditions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred female rats were randomly divided into six groups, i.e., PQ group (n = 15), BMSC treatment group 1 (n = 15 for each subgroup), BMSC treatment group 2 (n = 15 for each subgroup), BMSC control group 1 (n = 15 for each subgroup), BMSC control group 2 (n = 15), and normal control group (n = 5). In the PQ group, each rat was intraperitoneally injected with 20% PQ solution (15 mg/kg). In BMSC treatment group 1, each rat was injected via the caudal vein with 1×10(5), 10(6), 10(7)or 10(8) BMSCs (1 ml) after 6 hours of PQ exposure. In BMSC treatment group 2, each rat was injected via the caudal vein with 1×10(7) BMSCs (1 ml) after 1, 6, 12, or 24 hours of PQ exposure. In BMSC control group 1, each rat was injected via the caudal vein with 1×10(5), 10(6), 10(7), or 10(8) BMSCs (1 ml). In BMSC control group 2, each rat was injected via the caudal vein with 1×10(7) BMSCs (1 ml). In the normal control group, each rat was intraperitoneally injected with an equal volume of 0.9% saline. The lung wet/dry weight ratio and plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured at 1, 3, and 7 days after various treatments.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normal control group, the PQ group showed significantly higher lung wet/dry weight ratios at 3 and 7 days after PQ exposure and significantly higher plasma TNF-α and MDA levels at 1, 3, and 7 days after PQ exposure (P < 0.01). Compared with the PQ group, BMSC treatment group 1 showed significantly lower lung wet/dry weight ratios at 7 days after injection of 1×10(6) and 10(7) BMSCs, significantly lower plasma TNF-α levels at 3 and 7 days after injection of 1×10(5), 10(6), and 10(7) BMSCs, and significantly lower plasma MDA levels at 3 days after injection of 1×10(6) and 10(7) BMSCs and at 7 days after injection of 1×10(5), 10(6), and 10(7) BMSCs (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Compared with the PQ group, BMSC treatment group 2 showed significantly lower lung wet/dry weight ratios at 7 days after injection of BMSCs following 1, 6, and 12 hours of PQ exposure, significantly lower plasma TNF-α levels at 3 and 7 days after injection of BMSCs following 1, 6, and 12 hours of PQ exposure, and significantly lower plasma MDA levels at 3 days after injection of BMSCs following 6 hours of PQ exposure and at 7 days after injection of BMSCs following 1, 6, and 12 hours of PQ exposure (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BMSCs have a protective effect on the lung in rats with PQ poisoning, and the effect is closely related to the transplantation time and number of transplanted BMSCs. After 6 hours of PQ exposure, intravenous injection of 1×10(7) BMSCs can result in significant decreases in lung wet/dry weight ratio and plasma TNF-α and MDA levels.</p>